The types of organizational structures include: vertical structure, horizontal structure, and network structure. A vertical structure clears out issues related to authority rights, responsibilities, and reporting relationships.
Differentiation in organizations involves division of labor and specialization. These necessarily result from the organization's composition–many different work units with different kinds of tasks, using different skills and work activities coordinating with one another for a common end.
All managers and workers/employees in organizations make decisions nor make choices that affect their jobs and the organization they work for. This lesson's focus is on how they make decisions by going through the eight steps of the decision-making process suggested by Robbins and Coulter (2009).
For effective planning in today's dynamic environments, different techniques and tools must be used, such as forecasting, contingency planning, scenario planning, benchmarking, and participatory planning.
Planning in the organization has hierarchy. From the bottom, it starts with individual objectives, followed by department objectives, division objectives, department objectives, organizational objectives, organizational goals, and organizational mission at the top.
The different types of plans are the following: strategic plans, operational plans, long-term plans, short-term plans, directional plans, specific plans, single-use plans, and standing plans.
Planning is a process that involves the setting of the organization's goals, establishing strategies for accomplishing those goals, and developing plans of action or means that managers intend to use to achieve organizational goals