The number of respondents per group should range from six to eight, depending on the skill of the facilitator and the topic being discussed. If the number falls below six, the likelihood of generating .4 momentum and group dynamics necessary for a good discussion will not happen. However, if the group exceeds eight, it may be too crowded, resulting in the passive participation of some respondents and a discussion that is not as cohesive.
Data gathering methods in FGD involve:
- the selection and preparation of the venue and equipment;
- the formulation of the discussion agenda; and
- a facilitator who is very skilled in moderating and possesses the ability to draw out significant insights from the participants.
Data analysis includes:
- the integration of the information gathered;
- some observations on respondent behavior; and
- listing of recommendations and report writing.
Let us go to the nine steps in conducting a focus group discussion.
- Develop the research objectives. What is the research all about?
- Determine the participants’ profile. Who are the most knowledgeable or most relevant participants?
- Determine the appropriate token or “compensation” for the participants.
- Develop a participant screener questionnaire.
- Recruit the participants.
- Select a good facilitator. The key qualities of a good facilitator are:
- kindness with firmness
- involvement and encouragement
- complete understanding
- flexibility
- sensitivity
- Develop a facilitator’s discussion guide.
- Arrange for the venue and logistics.
- Analyze the results of the focus group discussion.